What was Napoleon's primary method of controlling the other animals?

Napoleon primarily controlled the other animals through fear, which is evident throughout the narrative of "Animal Farm." He employed intimidation tactics, particularly through the use of the dogs he raised to serve as enforcers of his rule. By instilling fear of violent consequences, Napoleon ensured that the other animals remained obedient and submissive to his authority.

This atmosphere of fear effectively suppressed dissent and inhibited any attempts at rebellion against his leadership, as the animals recognized that any challenge to his power could lead to severe punishment. Furthermore, he used propaganda and misinformation to manipulate their understanding of reality, but the overarching method was leveraging fear to maintain control over the farm. This strategy allowed Napoleon to consolidate power and eliminate any threats, securing his position as an unchallenged leader.