Which real historical event does Animal Farm allegorically represent?

Animal Farm allegorically represents the Russian Revolution of 1917, which led to the rise of the Soviet Union. The novel uses farm animals and their rebellion against human farmers to illustrate the broader themes of revolution, power struggles, and the betrayal of ideals that occurred during this pivotal historical event. Characters such as Napoleon and Snowball symbolize key figures like Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky, respectively, showcasing how revolutionary leaders can become oppressive rulers themselves.

The narrative reflects the initial aspirations for equality and freedom among the animals, mirroring the hopes many had for a better society following the revolution. However, as the pigs consolidate power, the story reveals how those aspirations were corrupted, paralleling the disillusionment that followed the Russian Revolution as the new government often perpetuated the same injustices as the old.

The other options do not align with the specific themes and characters that Orwell crafted to embody the events surrounding the Russian Revolution, thus emphasizing that this particular allegory is deeply rooted in that historical context.