Who does Napoleon represent in "Animal Farm"?

Napoleon represents government authority in "Animal Farm." He is a central figure in the story who embodies the traits of a totalitarian leader. Through his rise to power, Napoleon demonstrates the corrupting influence of power and how authority can be manipulated to serve the interests of a single ruler rather than the collective good of all. His actions, such as using propaganda, enforcing strict rules, and employing violence (such as the dogs he trains to maintain control), illustrate the tactics that authoritarian leaders often use to suppress dissent and maintain their dominion.

This representation reflects the broader criticism of political systems, particularly what happens when revolutionary ideals are twisted by those seeking to consolidate power for themselves, rather than genuinely uplift the community as a whole. As the story unfolds, Napoleon's shift from a supposed advocate for equality to a dictator highlights the theme of the betrayal of revolutionary ideals, cementing his role as a symbol of oppressive government authority.